屋頂太陽能發電系統對逆變器有哪些技術要求
采用交流電力輸出的屋頂太陽能發電系統，由光伏(fu)陣列、充放電(dian)控(kong)制器(qi)、蓄電(dian)池和逆(ni)變(bian)(bian)器(qi)四(si)部分組成，而逆(ni)變(bian)(bian)器(qi)是其中關鍵部件。屋頂太陽能發電(dian)系統(tong)對逆(ni)變(bian)(bian)器(qi)的技術(shu)要求如下：
(1)要求具有較高(gao)(gao)的逆變效(xiao)率。由于(yu)目前太(tai)陽電(dian)池的價(jia)格偏(pian)高(gao)(gao)，為了最大限度地(di)利用太(tai)陽電(dian)池，提高(gao)(gao)系統效(xiao)率，必須設法(fa)提高(gao)(gao)逆變器的效(xiao)率。
(2)要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)具(ju)有較高的(de)可靠(kao)性(xing)。目前光伏發電系統主要(yao)用于邊(bian)遠地(di)區，許多電站(zhan)無人值守和維護(hu)，這就要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)逆變器(qi)具(ju)有合理(li)的(de)電路結構(gou)，嚴格(ge)的(de)元器(qi)件(jian)篩選，并要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)逆變器(qi)具(ju)備各種保(bao)(bao)護(hu)功能，如(ru)輸入直流極性(xing)接反(fan)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)，交流輸出短路保(bao)(bao)護(hu)，過熱、過載保(bao)(bao)護(hu)等。
(3)要(yao)求直(zhi)流(liu)輸入(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)有較(jiao)寬的(de)適應范(fan)圍(wei)(wei)。由(you)于太陽電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)端(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)隨(sui)負(fu)載和日照強度而變化，蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)雖然對太陽電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)具有鉗位作用，但(dan)由(you)于蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)隨(sui)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)剩余(yu)容(rong)量和內阻的(de)變化而波動，特(te)別是當(dang)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)老化時其端(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)變化范(fan)圍(wei)(wei)很大，如12V蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，其端(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)可在10V-16V之間變化，這就要(yao)求逆變器必須在較(jiao)大的(de)直(zhi)流(liu)輸入(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)范(fan)圍(wei)(wei)內保證(zheng)(zheng)正常工(gong)作，并保證(zheng)(zheng)交流(liu)輸出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)穩定(ding)。
(4)在中、大(da)容(rong)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)光伏(fu)(fu)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)中，逆變器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)輸出應為失真度(du)較小的(de)(de)(de)(de)正弦波(bo)。這(zhe)是由于在中、大(da)容(rong)量(liang)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)中，若采用方波(bo)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)，則輸出將含有(you)較多的(de)(de)(de)(de)諧波(bo)分量(liang)，高(gao)次諧波(bo)將產生附加損耗(hao)，許多光伏(fu)(fu)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)負載為通信或(huo)儀表設備，這(zhe)些設備對供(gong)電(dian)(dian)品(pin)質(zhi)有(you)較高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)要求。另(ling)外，當(dang)中、大(da)容(rong)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)光伏(fu)(fu)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)并網運行時，為避免對公共(gong)電(dian)(dian)網的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)力污染，也要求逆變器(qi)輸出失真度(du)滿足要求的(de)(de)(de)(de)正弦波(bo)形。
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